In which phase of meiosis is the synaptonemal complex present?

The synaptonemal complex is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. This structure facilitates the pairing (synapsis) of homologous chromosomes, allowing for the exchange of genetic material through a process called crossing over.

During prophase I, each pair of homologous chromosomes becomes closely aligned along their lengths, and the synaptonemal complex helps to stabilize this alignment. It is essential for the proper segregation of chromosomes and genetic recombination.

As meiosis continues into metaphase of meiosis I, the synaptonemal complex has already disassembled, which is why it is not present in that stage of meiosis or in any subsequent phases such as telophase I or anaphase II. Understanding the function and timing of the synaptonemal complex is crucial for grasping how genetic variation occurs during sexual reproduction.