What is an example of convection as a method of heat transfer?

An example of convection as a method of heat transfer is represented by the scenario where a warm surface warms the air above it. Convection involves the movement of fluid (which can be liquid or gas) that transfers heat. When a warm surface, like a heated floor or stovetop, heats the air directly above it, that air becomes warmer and less dense, causing it to rise. As the warm air moves upward, it creates a current that draws cooler air from the surrounding areas to the surface, which in turn gets heated. This continuous cycle of warm air rising and cooler air moving in to replace it characterizes convection.

In contrast, the other options involve different modes of heat transfer. Washing hands with hot water is an example of conduction (the direct transfer of heat through physical contact with water). Holding a hot cup of coffee primarily illustrates conduction as well, since heat transfers directly from the cup to the hands through contact. Heating a metal rod in a flame is an example of conduction too, where heat energy is transmitted directly through the material of the rod from the flame to its other end.