What relationship does Graham's law determine between two different materials?

Graham's law specifically addresses the relationship between the mass of gas molecules and their rates of diffusion. It states that the rate at which a gas diffuses is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. This means that lighter gases, having lower molar masses, will diffuse more rapidly than heavier gases with higher molar masses.

This principle is significant in various scientific applications, such as in the studied behavior of gases in both natural and industrial processes. The connection established by Graham's law allows for predictions about how different gases will behave when mixed or when they are in contact with barriers, thereby facilitating understanding of their diffusion behavior.

The other options do not relate directly to the principles outlined in Graham's law. For example, the relationship involving volume and temperature pertains to Charles's law, while temperature and pressure are discussed in Boyle's law. Density and buoyancy are more aligned with Archimedes' principle rather than Graham's law's focus on diffusion rates connected to molecular mass.