Which of the following is NOT a factor as to why lakes don't freeze solid in winter?

The statement that water has its lowest volume at zero degrees Celsius is not related to why lakes don’t freeze solid in winter. In fact, water reaches its maximum density at around four degrees Celsius, which is why it sinks below the ice when lakes cool. This characteristic prevents lakes from freezing solid because the ice that forms on the surface acts as an insulator, allowing a layer of water below it to remain in a liquid state despite cold air temperatures.

In addition, the circulation of water due to wind helps mix the warmer waters in the depths of the lake with the cooler surface waters, further contributing to the prevention of complete freezing. This combination of properties of water, including the unique behavior of ice and the effects of wind on water circulation, plays a significant role in maintaining liquid water beneath the ice layer during winter months.