Which of the following statements correctly describes a similarity or difference between rocks and minerals?

The statement indicating that rocks are classified by their formation, while minerals are classified by their properties, is accurate and highlights a fundamental distinction in geology. Rocks are categorized based on how they are formed, which includes three main types: igneous (formed from solidified magma or lava), sedimentary (formed from the accumulation of sediment), and metamorphic (formed by the transformation of existing rock under heat and pressure).

On the other hand, minerals are identified and classified based on specific physical and chemical properties, such as crystal structure, hardness, luster, and chemical composition. This classification system helps geologists understand the characteristics and origins of materials found in the Earth's crust.

The other statements misrepresent the relationship between rocks and minerals. For instance, while minerals are components of rocks, not all rocks are composed solely of one type of mineral, and many rocks consist of a variety of minerals. Furthermore, minerals can be found in many types of rocks—not just igneous—and rocks do typically contain minerals, which are essential building blocks for their formation. Thus, this choice accurately reflects the scientific understanding of rocks and minerals.