Which part of the human brain is responsible for coordination and balance?

The cerebellum is the part of the human brain specifically responsible for coordination and balance. It is located at the back of the brain, beneath the cerebrum. The cerebellum plays a crucial role in the processing of information from the sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to control voluntary movements. It helps ensure smooth and balanced muscular activity, making it essential for activities such as walking, running, and any task that requires fine motor skills.

In contrast, while the cerebrum primarily handles higher brain functions such as thought, action, and sensory processing, the brain stem is involved in regulating involuntary functions like heart rate and breathing. The limbic system is associated more with emotions and memory rather than physical coordination or balance. Therefore, the role of the cerebellum in maintaining balance and coordinating movements makes it the correct answer to the question.